Tree Species in UK
There are 35 native species of tree and shrub.
Alder
Height 21m+ - Age 65years+
Use of wood - firewood, charcoal, Wood-turning
Apple
Apple trees generally live up to 80 years but there are some that are older Use of wood - firewood, charcoal, Wood-turning
Ash
Height50+ - Age 200+
Use of wood - The wood is strong and flexible and so can be used for a variety of items e.g. polo and hockey sticks, oars, etc - it is also used for furniture.
Aspen
Height 20-35m - Age 50years+
Use of wood - The bark can be used for tanning leather, making arrows
Bay Willow
Height 20m
Beech
Height 45m+ - Age 200+
Use of wood - firewood/charcoal - it is also used for furniture making - turning etc
The nuts which good to eat and the oil can be extracted and used in cooking.
Bird Cherry
Height 15m
Use of wood - Edible berries
Black Poplar
Height 35m
Use of wood - it is not a durable wood and so is useful for pulp, plywood, pallets.
Box
Height 9m
Yellow, hard wood
Crab Apple
Height 16m
Use of wood - wood turning, firewood
Crab Apples are sour but make excellent jellies with rowan berries and blackberries. One can also make a potent wine out of the fruit
Crack Willow
Height 8m - Age 70-85years
Use of wood - good for charcoal making, and because of its softness - children's toys
The leaves have salicylic acid in them which is an ingredient in aspirin.
Common Oak
Height 27m+ - Age 200-1000years
Use of wood - Veneer, building timber frames, fencing, firewood and charcoal.
Bark Tannin good for tanning leather. Acorns useful for animal feed
Downy Birch
Similar to a silver birch but slower growing and short lived.
Field Maple
Height 25m - Age 50-100years
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Goat Willow
Height 6-15m
Hazel
Height 8m - Age 70-80years
Use of wood - Good Coppicing wood, Cask hoops, baskets, walking sticks, hurdles, thatching, and firewood. Popular Nuts
Hawthorn
Height 10 - 15m - Age 250 years
Use of wood - walking sticks and tool handles. Good firewood.
The red fruit!
Holly
Height 15m+
It is an evergreen tree with a prickly leaf. it is used to decorate houses at Christmas. Use of wood - Very dense Creamy white wood is great for carving, turning and firewood.The branches used to be pollard for winter feed
Hornbeam
Height 30m - Age 150years
Use of wood - chopping blocks - very hard and close grained wood!
Large Leaved Lime
Height 32m
Use of wood - Soft white timber that does not warp once seasoned! exceptional for carving and model making. The bark used to be used for ropes. Produces lots of nectar for honey bees and flowers can be used to make tea. They are very aromatic.
Juniper
Height 6m
Use of wood - Sapwood aromatic. Berries used to flavour food and gin
Midland Thorn
Similar to Hawthorn- Height 10m
Rowan
Height 15m+ - Age 100years+
Use of wood - Wood turning, carving, firewood, bow making.
Scots Pine
Height 40m+ - Age 150years+
The only native British Pine.Use of wood - full of preservative resins so it is used outside for fencing, joinery pitch, tars, resin and turpentine obtained from the wood.
Silver Birch
Height 28m - Age 60years+
Use of wood - Excellent firewood, wood and bark distilled to produce tar to make waterproofing for leather.
Small Leaved Lime
Height 38m - Age 500years
Use of wood - Soft white timber that does not warp once seasoned! Good for carving and model making. The bark used to be used for ropes.
Strawberry Tree
Height 12m
Red berry looks like a strawberry
Use of wood - The grain on this wood is pink and fine grained.
Sessile Oak
Height 40m - Age 1000years+
Use of wood - Veneer, building timber frames, fencing, firewood and charcoal.
Walnut
Height 20-35m
Use of wood - the grain of the wood is dark - highly sort after for furniture and veneer.
The Nuts are tasty and popular The oil is excellent for cooking
White Willow
Height 16m
Use of wood - tree is pollard every 5 years - straight stems useful for making poles and for firewood. Useful material for basket making and hurdles.
White beam
Height 20m
Use of wood - hard brown wood which is nice to turn and its fruit are edible so one can make jam or wine
Wild Cherry
Height 15m - Age 200years
Use of wood - striking reddish brown wood when it it oxidizes. popular for furniture making, turning or as a veneer
Black berries are edible.
Wild Service Tree
Height 26m
Use of wood - a rare yellowish type of wood that can be used for inlays and turning.
Wych Elm
Height 40m - Age 500years
Use of wood - coffins, water pipes, troughs and sea defences.
Yew
Height 15-18m - Age 2000+years
Use of wood - Excellent for making bows - beautiful colouring of wood so it is highly required after for veneers and furniture. superb for turning with its different colours.The Yew tree is very poisonous - everything is deadly bar the flesh on the berries - the seed in the berry is poisonous but not the flesh!
Hedging
Mixed Hedgerows
These are so important for wildlife. They act as windbreaks, a food source, a nesting ground, and a shelter for birds, mammals and insects
Excellent plants for native hedgerows include:
Sweet Briar
Blackthorn
Hawthorn
Spindle
Dog Rose
Wayfaring Tree
Field Rose
Hazel
Hornbeam
Wild Briar
Pruning Sevices
Crown: The branches and leaves on a tree measured from the lowest branch on the trunk
Crown Cleaning: Removal of dead wood and any broken or diseased branches
Crown Thinning: Removal of specific branches to permit better air movement and light penetration
Crown Raising: Removal of lower branches over roofs and paths
Crown Reduction: Reduction of the height and/or spread of the tree through proper pruning Services
Decay: The decomposition of woody matter
Limb: A major branch large in size
Lead: A prevailing vertical stem which is dominant
Pruning: Removal of specific plant parts to your specifications and taste
Tree Services
Bracing: Use of steel rods in limbs, leads or trunks provide firm support
Cabling: Provides extra support to limbs with weak joints
Damage Restoration: pruning to improve the structure and appearance of the tree due to damage from a storm or vandalism
Root Pruning: Process of cutting the roots of an established tree to helps growth of new feeder roots after it has been transplanted
Staking: Installation of guy wires to support a tree
Stump Removal: Grinding the main stump
Tree Removal: The cutting down of a tree that has decayed or dangerous so far that no other option is available to ensure the safety of people or property
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